C Gloassary j-s

long int : long int is a data type whose width is larger than or equal to int. Normally in 32 bit machines, a long integer is stored using 4 bytes and is similar to an int.

Synonym : long , signed long int, signed long
  e.g.

long int m = 4L;           long n;           printf("%d",sizeof(m));//prints 4

In line 1, the long literal is 4L which is used to specify the value is long integer. You must suffix long int literals with L or l.

long long int (C99): long long integer is normally 8 bytes integer. This type is available only in ANSI standard C99.

long double : This is a floating point data type which gives 19 digits precision and is stored using 10 or 12 bytes. The range of long double values are +-1.1E+4932.  Remember that float gives 5 digits accuracy and double gives 15 digits accuracy.

#include <stdio.h> #include<float.h> #include <limits.h> int main() {    printf("Size of long int is %d\n",sizeof(3L));    printf("The smallest long int is %ld\n and largest long  int is %ld\n",LONG_MIN,LONG_MAX);    long long int a;    printf("Size of long long int is %d\n",sizeof(3LL));    printf("The smallest long long int is %lld\n and largest long int is %lld\n",LLONG_MIN,LLONG_MAX);    long double b;    printf("Size of long long double is %d\n",sizeof(b));    printf("The smallest long long int is %Le\n and largest long int is %Le\n",LDBL_MIN_EXP ,LDBL_MAX_EXP );    return 0; }

Note:

1. The limits.h and float.h header files are needed as they define the macros LONG_LONG_MIN and LONG_LONG_MAX.
2. The macro LDBL_MAX_EXP defining long double max is giving erraneous answers in  mingw gcc compiler and codepad provided online compiler.

short int :  This int data type normally has width of 2 bytes. The format specifier used to print a short int is %hd

#include <stdio.h> #include <limits.h> int main() {      short int n=1;      int i;      printf("The range of short int is %hd to %hd and its width is %d\n",SHRT_MIN,SHRT_MAX,sizeof(n));     for(i=0;i<16;i++)     {       printf("2^%d is %hd\n",i,n); n = n<<1;      }      return 0; }

The program prints the output as

      The range of short int is -32768 to 32767 and its width is 2

      2^0 is 1

      2^1 is 2

      2^2 is 4

      2^3 is 8

      2^4 is 16

      2^5 is 32

      2^6 is 64

      2^7 is 128

      2^8 is 256

      2^9 is 512

      2^10 is 1024

      2^11 is 2048

      2^12 is 4096

      2^13 is 8192

      2^14 is 16384

      2^15 is -32768

The last value is negative because, the MSB is used as sign bit and if MSB is 1, the value is treated negative.